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The Province of Upper Canada (French: Province du Haut-Canada) was a British colony located in what is now the southern portion of the Province of Ontario in Canada. Upper Canada officially existed from 26 December 1791 to 10 February 1841 and generally comprised present-day Southern Ontario and, until 1797, the Upper Peninsula of what is now part of the U.S. state of Michigan. Its name reflected its position closer to the headwaters of the St. Lawrence River than that of Lower Canada.
Upper Canada included all of modern-day southern Ontario and all those areas of northern Ontario in the 'pays d'en haut' which had formed part of New France, essentially the watersheds of the Ottawa River, Lake Huron, and Lake Superior. It did not include any lands within the watershed of Hudson Bay.
It passed from French control into British control with the Treaty of Paris (1763). It was incorporated into the Province of Quebec by the Quebec Act of 1774. Upper Canada became a political entity on 26 December 1791 with the Parliament of Great Britain's passage of the Constitutional Act of 1791. The Act divided the Province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada. The division was effected so that Loyalist American settlers and British immigrants in Upper Canada could have English laws and institutions, and the French-speaking population of Lower Canada could maintain French civil law and the Catholic religion.
The colony was administered by a lieutenant-governor, legislative council, and legislative assembly. The first lieutenant-governor was John Graves Simcoe. On February 1, 1796 the capital of Upper Canada was moved from Newark (now Niagara-on-the-Lake) to York (now Toronto), which was judged to be less vulnerable to attack by the Americans.
Local government in the Province of Upper Canada was based on districts. In 1788, four districts were created: *Lunenburgh District, renamed "Eastern" in 1792 *Mecklenburg District, later "Midland" *Nassau District, later "Home" *Hesse District, later "Western" Additional districts were created from the existing districts as the population grew until 1849, when local government mainly based on counties came into effect. At that time, there were 20 districts; legislation to create a new Kent District never completed. Up until 1841, the district officials were appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor, although usually with local input. A Court of Quarter Sessions was held four times a year in each district to oversee the administration of the district and deal with legal cases.
The Battle of Windsor was a short-lived campaign in the eastern Michigan area of the United States and the Windsor, Ontario area of Canada. A group of men on both sides of the border, calling themselves "Patriots," formed small militias in 1837 with the intention of seizing the Southern Ontario peninsula between the Detroit and Niagara Rivers and extending American-style government to Canada."The Patriot War", Department of Military and Veterans' Affairs, State of Michigan, 2007 They based groups in Michigan at Fort Gratiot (present Port Huron), Mount Clemens, Detroit, and Gibraltar.
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Mauricie is a traditional and current administrative region of Quebec. La Mauricie National Park is contained within the region, making it a prime tourist location. The region has a land area of 35,855.22 km² (13,843.78 sq mi) and a 2006 census population of 258,928 residents. Its largest cities are Trois-Rivières and Shawinigan.
The word Mauricie was coined by local priest and historian Albert Tessier and is based on the Saint-Maurice river which runs through the region on a North-South axis.
:The "Battle of the Windmill" is also a fictional battle in the book Animal Farm.
The Battle of the Windmill was a battle fought in November 1838 in the aftermath of the Upper Canada Rebellion. Loyalist forces of the Upper Canadian government defeated an invasion attempt by Hunter Patriot insurgents based in the United States.
The Upper Canada Rebellion was, along with the Lower Canada Rebellion in Lower Canada, a rebellion against the British colonial government in 1837 and 1838. Collectively they are also known as the Rebellions of 1837.
List of topics on the province of Upper Canada and roots of the current province of Ontario:
The Marathon of Hope is a name given to the cross-Canada run undertaken by cancer patient Terry Fox in 1980. It is commemorated each year with the Terry Fox Run which is an international event that raises money for cancer research.
The initial goal of the run was to raise $1 million to be used for cancer research. After running through Port aux Basques, Newfoundland, Terry changed his goal from raising $1 million to raising $1 for each person in Canada at the time ($24 million).
Terry Fox intended to run across the entire country; Starting April 12th from St. John's, Newfoundland to Victoria, BC along the Trans Canada Highway - a distance of almost , at a pace of a day. The Marathon would have taken 185 days of running, had he maintained his pace.
Terry Fox sought no personal or financial gain for his efforts. His run was also a 'true' run across Canada; not taking the fastest route, he made sure that he would pass by the most populous regions of the country. The goal of the run was to raise money and awareness for cancer research. In order to get the Canadian Cancer Society to support him, he had to get corporate sponsorship for the run.
Unfortunately, on September 1, 1980, his run stopped just northeast of Thunder Bay. Poor breathing prevented him from running further; Terry visited a local hospital, where he discovered that his cancer had spread to his lungs. Due to his poor health, from both the return of the cancer and the grueling pace of his running, he had to stop his journey across Canada. By this point, he had run for 143 consecutive days totalling .
He returned to British Columbia for further medical treatment. While in hospital, Terry received a telegram from Four Seasons hotel executive Isadore Sharp (who had recently lost his own son to cancer) telling him that his Marathon of Hope would be continued in his honour with an annual run, and that they would not stop until Terry's dream of beating cancer was realized.
Today, a life sized bronze statue of Terry Fox in motion is located in a memorial park along the Trans-Canada Highway – the spot where he had to end his run.
Upper Canada and Lower Canada, collectively referred to as the Canadas, were two British colonies in Canada. They were both created by the Constitutional Act of 1791 and abolished in 1841 with the union of Upper and Lower Canada.
Their names reflected their positions relative to the headwaters of the St. Lawrence River, the same relationship between Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt: *Lower Canada covered the southern-eastern portion of the modern-day Province of Quebec, Canada, and (until 1809) the Labrador region of the modern-day Province of Newfoundland and Labrador *Upper Canada covered what is now the southern portion of the Province of Ontario in Canada, and the lands bordering Georgian Bay and Lake Superior. *The northern part of the current provinces of Ontario and Quebec were at this time part of Rupert's Land.
thumb|200px|The Terry Fox Run in Ontario, Canada (2006) The Terry Fox Run is an annual non-competitive charity event held in numerous regions across the globe in commemoration of Canadian cancer activist Terry Fox, and his Marathon of Hope, and to raise money for cancer research.
The event was founded in 1981 by Isadore Sharp, who contacted Terry in-hospital by telegram and expressed his wishes to hold an annual run in Terry's name to raise funds for cancer research. The event is held every year on the second Sunday following Labour Day. Since its inception, it has raised via the 'Terry Fox Foundation' over $340 million dollars (CAD); Upper Canada College, in Toronto, Ontario, is the site of the largest run, and has also raised the most money in the world since 2000.[https://www1.ucc.on.ca/Current%20Times/CurrentTimes-200512.pdf Aster, Andrea; Current Times, UCC goes the distance for Terry; December 2005] The run itself is informal which means that the distance often varies, usually between 5 and 15 kilometres; participation is considered to be more important than completing the set distance.
Unlike other major fund raising events, the Terry Fox Run has no corporate sponsorship. This is in accordance with Terry Fox's original wishes of not seeking fame or fortune from his endeavour. During his cross-Canada run, he turned down every endorsement he was offered (including from major multinationals such as McDonald's), as he felt that it would detract from his goal of creating public awareness. The current Terry Fox Runs have no advertisements on any race related materials (such as t-shirts, banners, etc).
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Inhabited for millennia by First Nations (aboriginals), Canada has evolved from a group of European colonies into a bilingual, multicultural federation, having peacefully obtained sovereignty from its last colonial possessor, the United Kingdom. France sent the first large group of settlers in the 17th century, but the collection of territories and colonies now comprising Canada came to be ruled by the British until attaining full independence in the 20th century.
The politics of Canada function within a framework of constitutional monarchy and a federal system of parliamentary government with strong democratic traditions.
Many of the country's legislative practices derive from the unwritten conventions of and precedents set by the United Kingdom's Westminster parliament; however, Canada has evolved variations. For example, party discipline in Canada is stronger than in the United Kingdom, and more parliamentary votes are considered motions of confidence, which tends to diminish the role of non-Cabinet Members of Parliament (MPs). Such members, in the government caucus, and junior or lower-profile members of opposition caucuses, are known as backbenchers. Backbenchers can, however, exert their influence by sitting in parliamentary committees, like the Public Accounts Committee or the National Defence Committee.
The Act of Union (3 & 4 Vict. c. 35) passed in July 1840 and proclaimed February 10, 1841, abolished the legislatures of Lower Canada and Upper Canada and established a new political entity, the Province of Canada to replace them. This act effecting the political union of The Canadas was similar in nature and in goals to the other Acts of Union enacted by the British Parliament.
Saint-Maurice is a provincial electoral district located in the province of Quebec, Canada. Situated in the Mauricie region, the riding was created in 1792. It includes portions of the city of Shawinigan as well as the municipalities of Notre-Dame-du-Mont-Carmel and Saint-Boniface
Louiseville is a city in the Mauricie region of the province of Quebec in Canada.
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: For the rugby union team that competes in the North America 4 Series, see 'Canada East (rugby team).
Canada East () was the eastern portion of the United Province of Canada. It consisted of the southern portion of the modern-day Canadian Province of Quebec, and was primarily a French-speaking region.
Formerly a colony called the Province of Lower Canada, based on Lord Durham's report it was merged with the Province of Upper Canada (present-day southern portion of the Province of Ontario) to create the United Province of Canada.
The most important farm products were potatoes, rye, buckwheat, maple sugar, and livestock. When it came time to confederate the Francophones were nervous because they did not want to lose their French heritage. They were afraid that it would be overwhelmed by the English. At the time of confederation, 1867, Montreal was the biggest city in the British North American colonies.
Due to heavy immigration, the population of English-speaking residents of Canada West soon outstripped Canada East. Under the Act of Union, 1840, however, the seats in the house were evenly divided between Canada East and Canada West.
By the late 1850s all the land of Canada West had been bought. The next frontier was west of Lake Superior. However, this land was owned by the Hudson’s Bay Company. Most in Canada East resisted the takeover of this land, as it would have changed the balance of the seats in the legislature.
The St. Lawrence River was full of ice for half the year. For that half of the year goods had to be transported on American railways. A railway through Canada East to Halifax would provide an all-British route for trade and defence.
By the 1860s, the Grand Trunk Railway was about $72 million in debt. Its annual income was about $200. Partly because of this, the Province of Canada pulled out of the negotiations for the Intercolonial Railway.
Only 20% of Canada East's residents lived in the city, the rest were all farmers or habitants as they called themselves. They made their own stone houses and wooden furniture. Their clothes were homemade and their food was grown on the farms.
At the time of Confederation (1867) Montreal was the largest city of the British North American colonies, with a population of 107,225. Some of the richest people in Canada lived in Montreal.
There was a danger of Fenian raids along the Canadian-American border south and east of Montreal.
Lumber was the most important natural resource of Canada East. In the woods, hundreds of workers cut down trees, then floated the logs down the St. Lawrence River during the spring floods. Sawmills turned the logs into planks and boards to sell to the Americans. There were also factories in the District of Canada East that made windows, shingles, washboards, and door frames.
Shawinigan is a city located on the Saint-Maurice River in the Mauricie area in Quebec, Canada. It has a population of approximately 51,904 people (2006).
Shawinigan is also a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Shawinigan. Its geographical code is 23.
The 1841 union of Upper Canada and Lower Canada created the Province of Canada. This province lasted until 1867 when Canadian Confederation encouraged the two groups to split again into the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec
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The Rebellions of 1837 were a pair of Canadian armed uprisings that occurred in 1837 and 1838 in response to frustrations in political reform and ethnic conflict. A key shared goal was the allowance of responsible government.
Several policies regarding interior and domestic issues in Canada were planned and adopted by the Canadian Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Stephen Harper, since the January 23, 2006 election of the Conservative Party to a minority of seats in the House of Commons, such as social and environmental policies. At the beginning of the government's appointment, five policy priorities were identified in the areas of federal accountability, tax reform, crime, child care and health care.
The mayor is the highest elected official in Trois-Rivières, in the Mauricie region of Quebec. Since its incorporation in 1845, the city has had thirty-six mayors.
The mayor presides over the Trois-Rivières City Council.
This category contains the list of current provincial electoral districts in the province of Quebec, Canada. Each district is represented by an elected politician of the National Assembly of Quebec, the provincial lesgislature which is located in the capital Quebec City.
Saint-Maurice—Champlain is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons since 2004.
It consists of: * the City of Shawinigan; * the Regional County Municipality of Le Haut-Saint-Maurice, including Communauté de Wemotaci Indian Reserve, Coucoucache Indian Reserve No. 24A and Obedjiwan Indian Reserve No. 28; and * the regional county municipalities of Les Chenaux and Mékinac.
The neighbouring ridings are Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou, Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean, Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier, Trois-Rivières, Berthier—Maskinongé, Joliette, Laurentides—Labelle, and Pontiac.
The Conservative Party Government of Canada led by Prime Minister Stephen Harper has been involved in several ways overseas, particularly due to its role alongside the United States in the War against terror originated from the September 11, 2001 attacks in the U.S.
Champlain is a provincial electoral riding in the province of Quebec, Canada. Located in the Mauricie region, it was created in 1829. It includes the municipalities of Saint-Stanislas, Saint-Narcisse and Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade and the eastern portions of the city of Trois-Rivières.
The riding is named after the founder of Quebec City in 1608, Samuel de Champlain.
The sponsorship scandal, "AdScam", "Sponsorship"or Sponsorgate, is a scandal that came as a result of a Canadian federal government "sponsorship program" in the province of Quebec and involving the Liberal Party of Canada, which was in power from 1993 to 2006. The program was originally established as an effort to raise awareness of the Government of Canada's contributions to Quebec industries and other activities in order to counter the actions of the Parti Québécois government of the province that worked to promote Quebec independence.
The program ran from 1996 until 2004, when broad corruption was discovered in its operations and the program was discontinued. Illicit and even illegal activities within the administration of the program were revealed, involving misuse and misdirection of public funds intended for government advertising in Quebec. Such misdirections included sponsorship money awarded to ad firms in return for little or no work, which firms maintained Liberal organizers or fundraisers on their payrolls or donated back part of the money to the Liberal Party. The resulting investigations and scandal affected the Liberal Party of Canada and the then government of Prime Minister Paul Martin. It was an ongoing affair for years, but rose to national prominence in early 2004 after the program was examined by Sheila Fraser, the federal auditor general. Her revelations led to the government establishing the Gomery Commission to conduct a public inquiry and file a report on the matter.
In the national spotlight, the scandal became a significant factor in the lead-up to the 2006 federal election where after more than twelve years in power the Liberals were defeated by the Conservatives, who formed a minority government that was sworn in February 2006.
It was later proven that a small part of the money, nearly $100,000 was indirectly funneled from Groupaction and Jean Brault to the Parti Québécois in illegal donations. This is ironic because money destined to promote Federalism was donated to a separatist party, and because the separatist movement was using this scandal as an example of federal corruption. As soon as the Parti Québécois received the information they immediately refunded the money.
The Ontario Bond Scandal was a scandal that hit the government of Ontario in the early 1920s.
Ontario had been governed by the United Farmers of Ontario of Ernest C. Drury since 1919. In 1922 a scandal broke out over the purchase of government bonds. It seemed that Peter Smith, the Ontario Treasurer, had given a close friend of his, Andrew Pepall, lucrative payments to travel to London to secure better financing for Ontario's debt. The original outrage was that Pepall had been paid the then large sum of eighty dollars per day for the trip, in which he did hardly any actual work.
The scandal escalated, however, when it was discovered that a portion of the commission for the bond contracts had found its way into Smith's bank account. Andrew Pepall's firm, owned by Aemilius Jarvis had earned some 130,000 pounds in profit from the arrangements, and these profits had been divided among Pepall, Smith and Jarvis. The scandal played an important role in the fall of the UFO government in 1923.
The next year Jarvis and Smith went on trial. Also charged were Jarvis's son and Andrew Pepall's brother Harry Pepall who were accused of playing a minor role in the affair. The verdicts were handed out on October 24, 1924. Jarvis and Smith were both found guilty of conspiracy to defraud the government. Jarvis was sentenced to six months in prison, Smith received three years. (The Globe, Sat., Oct. 25,1924) They were each fined 600,000 dollars, then the largest fines ever demanded in the British Empire. Jarvis Jr. and Harry Pepall were found not guilty. Andrew Pepall had fled to California. At that time conspiracy was not an extraditable offense, and he could only be brought back to Canada to face charges of theft and bribery. He was found not guilty of these in late 1925.
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Maskinongé is a provincial electoral district that is located in the province of Quebec. Situated in the Mauricie region, it was created in 1853. It includes western portions of the city of Trois-Rivières as well as the cities or municipalties of Maskinonge, Yamachiche, Saint-Etienne-des-Gres, Louiseville, Saint-Paulin and Saint-Alexis-des-Monts
The Province of Canada was the union of Canada West (formerly Upper Canada and later Ontario) and Canada East (formerly Lower Canada and later Quebec).
The Province of Canada held 8 unique elections from 1841 to 1863 before Confederation. While party lines were somewhat blurred, there were political parties.
There are many examples of groups of MPs going against the party line, or splitting a party into two. A good example of this is when a number of Liberal MPs supported John A. Macdonald, a Conservative, and his idea for Canadian Confederation, many other Liberal Party members were opposed to Confederation.
After the establishment of the double majority principle, any bill, in order to be passed, needed a majority of MPs from both Canada West and Canada East. This sometimes led to coalitions between Ontario Liberals and Quebec Tories, or vice versa. The elections listed below are divided into "Left" or "Reformer" camps, and "Right" or "Conservative" camps.
Saint-Maurice was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1867 to 1892 and from 1968 to 2004.
The riding was first created in 1867 and merged with the district of Trois-Rivières in 1933 to form Three Rivers and St. Maurice. Saint-Maurice was re-established as a district in 1966 out of the former districts of Champlain and Saint-Maurice—Laflèche. The district was abolished in 2003 when it was redistributed into Berthier—Maskinongé and Saint-Maurice—Champlain ridings.
Trois-Rivières (formerly known as Three Rivers and Trois-Rivières Métropolitain) is an electoral district in Quebec, Canada that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1867 to 1892 and from 1935 to the present.
It was created as "Three Rivers" riding by the British North America Act of 1867. The electoral district was abolished in 1892 when it was merged into Three Rivers and St. Maurice riding.
The electoral district's English name changed in 1947 to "Trois-Rivières". The riding's name was changed again in 1972 to "Trois-Rivières Métropolitain". Trois-Rivières Métropolitain was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into a new "Trois-Rivières" riding and Champlain riding.
Act of Union may be an act that refers to:
In the United Kingdom: * Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542, passed by the Parliament of England, annexing Wales to the Kingdom of England are sometimes known as the "Acts of Union". *Act of Union 1652, (more commonly known as the Tender of Union), annexation of Scotland by the Commonwealth of England * Acts of Union 1707, passed by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. * Act of Union 1800, passed by both the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. * Act of Union 1840, passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, joining Upper Canada and Lower Canada (to form the Province of Canada). * South Africa Act 1909, passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom creating the Union of South Africa, is sometimes referred to as the Act of Union.
In Scandinavia: * Act of Union 1814 forming a personal union between Sweden and Norway. * Danish-Icelandic Act of Union 1918 granted independence to Iceland.
The Gomery Commission, formally the Commission of Inquiry into the Sponsorship Program and Advertising Activities, was a federal Canadian Royal Commission headed by the retired Justice John Gomery for the purpose of investigating the sponsorship scandal, which involved allegations of corruption within the Canadian government.
The Commission was called by then Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin in February 2004 soon after a report by the Auditor General of Canada found unexplainable irregularities in the Sponsorship Program. Justice Gomery released his first phase report on the scandal on November 1, 2005.
Several, including former Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, Warren Kinsella, and Sheila Copps, criticized the commission as being little more than an extension of Liberal party infighting. http://www.torontosun.com/News/Columnists/Copps_Sheila/2005/10/30/1284999.html Gomery was accused by some as being friendly to Paul Martin, and hostile toward Chrétien, and Chrétien's lawyers attempted unsuccessfully to have Gomery removed due to his alleged bias. The two men had long represented a power struggle within the party. Subsequent to the release of the first report, Chrétien took action in Federal Court to review the commission report on the grounds that Gomery showed a "reasonable apprehension of bias", and that some conclusions didn't have an "evidentiary" basis. http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20051101/gomeryreport_CHRETIENreaction_20051101/20051101?hub=TopStories On June 26, 2008, A federal judge quashed the Gomery inquiry's conclusions that the former prime minister and his top aide bore responsibility for the sponsorship scandal, and ruled that Justice Gomery's public comments and newspaper interviews showed bias, and that he prejudged the issues before the hearings closed.http://www.thestar.com/News/Canada/article/450179http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20080627.GOMERY27/TPStory/National
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Edward Aemilius Jarvis (April 25, 1860 – 1940) was a Canadian businessman and sailor.
Under the Union regime (1841-1867), the district of Saint-Maurice was re-established. Its boundaries, which roughly covered the current Mauricie area except for the city of Trois-Rivières, were reduced when the district of Maskinongé was created in 1853. History of the electoral map of Québec, Chief Electoral Officer of Québec.
Saint-Maurice was represented by one Member at the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada.
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Trois-Rivières is a provincial electoral district in the province of Quebec, Canada. Located in the Mauricie region and including a large portion of the city of Trois-Rivières west of Saint-Maurice River, the riding was created in 1792 as the Ville-des-Trois-Rivières riding.
Under the Constitutional Act of 1791, the district of Saint-Maurice was established. Its boundaries, which roughly covered the current Mauricie area except for the city of Trois-Rivières, were reduced when the district of Champlain was created in 1829. History of the electoral map of Québec, Chief Electoral Officer of Québec.
Saint-Maurice was represented simultaneously by two Members at the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
The district of Maskinongé was established in 1853, under the Union regime of 1841. It was located in the current Mauricie area and was located southwest of the district of Saint-Maurice on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River. History of the electoral map of Québec, Chief Electoral Officer of Québec.
Champlain was represented by one Member at the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada.
Under the Union regime (1841-1867), the district of Trois-Rivières was re-established. Its boundaries roughly covered the pre-merger city of Trois-Rivières. History of the electoral map of Québec, Chief Electoral Officer of Québec.
Trois-Rivières was represented by one Member at the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada.
Under the Constitutional Act of 1791, the district of Trois-Rivières was established. Its boundaries roughly covered the pre-merger city of Trois-Rivières. History of the electoral map of Québec, Chief Electoral Officer of Québec.
Trois-Rivières was represented simultaneously by two Members at the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
Maskinongé was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1867 to 1925.
It was created by the British North America Act of 1867, and was amalgamated into the Berthier—Maskinongé electoral district in 1924.
Jean Brault was the president of Groupaction, a Montreal advertising firm founded in 1982. Brault and his firm were implicated in the Canadian Federal Sponsorship scandal. Along with civil servant Chuck Guité he was charged by the RCMP with fraud relating to the scandal. In April 2005, Brault made national headlines when he testified before the Gomery inquiry. In his testimony he claimed that Groupaction funneled over $1-million to the Quebec wing of the Liberal Party of Canada in exchange for sponsorship contracts. In September 2005, Guité and Brault pleaded not guilty to six charges of fraud. However, on March 2, 2006, Brault changed his mind and decided to plead guilty to five of six fraud-related charges. The former head of Groupaction admitted to paying salaries to Liberal party workers who never did any work for his company. He was sentenced to 30 months in prison, and was granted a full parole after five months. Brault is expected to go to trial again on a conspiracy charge.
This category lists the mayors of Shawinigan, Quebec.
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Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada were the leaders of the Province of Canada, from the 1841 unification of Upper Canada and Lower Canada until Confederation in 1867.
Following the abortive Rebellions of 1837, Lord Durham was appointed governor in chief of British North America. In his 1839 Report on the Affairs of British North America, he recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be united under a single Parliament, with responsible government. As a result, in 1841, the first Parliament of Canada was convened.
Although Canada East (the former Lower Canada, now Quebec) and Canada West (the former Upper Canada, now Ontario) were united as a single province with a single government, each administration was led by two men, one from each half of the province. Says Canadian journalist Colby Cosh: "In truth, one or the other was ordinarily recognized as the formal head of government: the Macdonald-Cartier ministry was at times a Cartier-Macdonald ministry, for example, as the first ministership switched from the proto-Ontarian to the proto-Quebecker."
This form of government proved to be fractious and difficult, leading to frequent changes in leadership — in just 26 years, the joint premiership changed hands eighteen times, with twenty different people holding the office over the course of its history.
With the introduction of responsible government in 1848, Robert Baldwin and Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine became the first truly democratic leaders of what would eventually become the provinces of Ontario and Quebec in present-day Canada, and some modern historians, most notably John Ralston Saul, have promoted the idea that they should be viewed as Canada's true first Prime Ministers.
The Division of Shawinigan roughly covered the Mauricie area in Quebec, Canada, and was represented by one Legislative Councillor in the Parliament of Quebec. Three legislative councillors represented the division from 1867 until the Legislative Council of Quebec (upper house) was abolished in 1968.
The district of Champlain was established in 1829, under the regime of the Constitutional Act of 1791. It was located in the current Mauricie area and was located northeast of the district of Saint-Maurice on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River. History of the electoral map of Québec, Chief Electoral Officer of Québec.
Champlain was represented simultaneously by two Members at the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
Champlain is a municipality in the Mauricie region of the province of Quebec in Canada.
The Airbus affair refers to allegations of secret commissions paid to members of the Government of Canada during the term of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, in exchange for then-crown corporation Air Canada's purchase of a large number of Airbus jets. The Chairman of Airbus (a European consortium) at the time of the contract competition was Franz Josef Strauss (b.1915-d.1988), a high profile German politician in Bavaria.
The order in question had long been pending, and both Boeing and Airbus Industries had been competing heavily for the contract. Both offered shared production in Canada, and Boeing went so far as to buy de Havilland Canada to further strengthen their bargaining position, as well as gain access to the feederliner market where they, at that time, had no presence. The contract was eventually won by Airbus in 1988, with an order for 34 Airbus A320s, as well as the sale of some of Air Canada's existing Boeing 747 fleet. Boeing immediately put de Havilland up for sale, thereby putting that company in jeopardy, but the blame for this was generally placed on the government.
Under the Union regime (1841-1867), the district of Champlain was re-established. It was located in the current Mauricie area and was located northeast of the district of Saint-Maurice on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River. History of the electoral map of Québec, Chief Electoral Officer of Québec.
Champlain was represented by one Member at the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada.
Antonin Galipeault (August 7 1879 in Maskinongé - May 12 1971 in Quebec City) was a québécois politican, lawyer and judge .
Bellechasse is a provincial electoral riding in the province of Quebec, Canada. Located in the Chaudière-Appalaches region, the riding was created in 1867. It includes the municipalities of Saint-Michel-de-Bellechasse, Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague, Saint-Anselme and Lac-Etchemin
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Arthur Bettez (28 December 1871 - 4 January 1931) was a Canadian politician from Quebec, Canada. Arthur Bettez, ParlInfo, Parliament of Canada
He was born in Trois-Rivières, Mauricie and became an accountant by trade. From 1923 to 1931 he was Mayor of Trois-Rivières.
Bettez ran as a Liberal candidate in the district of Three Rivers and St. Maurice in the 1925 federal election and won. He was re-elected in 1926 and 1930, then in 1931 died in office.
Nérée Le Noblet Duplessis (5 March 1855 – 23 June 1926) was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Mayor of Trois-Rivières and as Member of the Legislative Assembly.Nérée Le Noblet Duplessis, Assemblée nationale du Québec He was the father of Premier Maurice Duplessis.
Charles Bourgeois was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as a Member of Parliament and as a Senator. Charles Bourgeois, ParlInfo, Canadian Parliament
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The Petworth Emigraton Scheme, sponsored by the Earl of Egremont and promoted by Thomas Sockett, anglican Rector of PetworthSheila Haines and Leigh Lawson, Poor Cottages & Proud Palaces. The life and work of the Reverend Thomas Sockett of Petworth 1777-1859 The Hastings Press 2007 ISBN 978-1-904109-16-7 , sent around 1800 working-class people from the south of England to Upper Canada between 1832 and 1837Moving Here, Staying Here: The Canadian Immigrant Experience at Library and Archives Canada - "Right of Passage: Debates" . The Scheme was part of a larger initiative in Britain during the 1830s, in which churches, charitable organisations and private individuals were active in promoting emigration as a solution to overcrowded urban slums, unemployment and rural poverty in Britain.
This category lists Legislative Assembly of Alberta members who served in United Farmers of Alberta caucus.
René Hamel (February 9, 1910 – December 16, 1982) was a local politician in Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Canadian Parliament and as Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec. HAMEL, Joseph-Irénée-René, ParlInfo - Parliament of Canada
Joseph-Auguste Frigon (7 February, 1870 – 14 February, 1944) was a local entrepreneur and politician in the Mauricie area. He served as Mayor of Shawinigan, Quebec and as Member of the Legislative Assembly.
Joseph-Arthur Labissonnière was a politician Quebec, Canada and an official opposition Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA). Joseph-Arthur Labissonnière, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Marc Trudel (1896 - 1961) was a politician in Quebec, Canada.
He served as Cabinet Member and Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec. Marc Trudel, Assemblée nationale du Québec
François-Sévère Lesieur Desaulniers was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly.François-L. Desaulniers, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Pierre-Calixte Neault was a politician Quebec, Canada and a two-term Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA). Pierre-Calixte Neault, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Yves Duhaime is a former politician in Quebec, Canada. He served as Cabinet Member and Member of the National Assembly of Quebec. Yves Duhaime, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Polydore Beaulac was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly. Polydore Beaulac, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Georges-Isidore Delisle was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly. Georges-Isidore Delisle, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Claude Pinard is a politician in Quebec, Canada. He serves as Member of the National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Saint-Maurice in the Mauricie region from 1994 to 2007 and since the 2008 provincial elections. Claude Pinard, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Bruno Bordeleau was a politician Quebec, Canada and a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA). Bruno Bordeleau, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Louis-Philippe Fiset (11 January, 1854 – 4 September, 1934) was a local physician and politician in the Mauricie area. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly. Louis-Philippe Fiset, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Georges Lafontaine was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as an official opposition Member of the Legislative Assembly in the early twentieth century.Georges Lafontaine, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Yvon Lemire was a politician in Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec. Yvon Lemire, Assemblée nationale du Québec
He was born in 1939 in Baie-de-Shawinigan, Mauricie.
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Moïse Houde was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly.Moïse Houde, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Jean-Guy Trépanier was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly. Jean-Guy Trépanier, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Marcel Bérard (born February 14, 1933) was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly. Marcel Bérard, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Alphonse-Edgar Guillemette was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly. Alphonse-Edgar Guillemette, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Léonide-Nestor-Arthur Ricard was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly. Léonide-Nestor-Arthur Ricard, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Elzéar Gérin, (14 November 1843 – 18 August 1887), was a politician in Quebec, Canada.
Elzéar was born on in Yamachiche, Mauricie and was an attorney by vocation.He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly.Elzéar Gérin, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Abraham Lesieur Desaulniers was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly.Abraham Lesieur Desaulniers, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Rodolphe Tourville was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly. Rodolphe Tourville, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Hector Caron was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly. Hector Caron, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Joseph Lessard was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly.Joseph Lessard, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Dominique-Napoléon Saint-Cyr was a politician Quebec, Canada and a two-term Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA). Dominique-Napoléon Saint-Cyr, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Pierre Grenier was a politician Quebec, Canada and a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA). Pierre Grenier, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Joseph-William Gagnon was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly. Joseph-William Gagnon, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Édouard Caron was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly.Édouard Caron, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Louis-Joseph Thisdel was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly. Louis-Joseph Thisdel, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Edmond Thibaudeau, also known as L'Orignal à Thibaudeau, was a local politician in Shawinigan, Quebec. He was the Mayor of Shawinigan, Quebec from 1915 to 1917.
He was born in 1872 in Saint-Grégoire, Centre-du-Québec and has Acadian ancestry.
In the early 1900s, Thibaudeau operated a small private power plant on the Saint-Maurice River and was therefore competing with the Shawinigan, Water & Power Company for the local distribution of electricity.
Thibaudeau is most remembered for his flamboyant personality. He earned his nickname, L'Orignal à Thibaudeau (Thibaudeau the Moose), after he regularly rode through the streets of Shawinigan on a moose-drawn carriage. Épopée de Shawinigan, Gérard Filteau, 1943 Joseph-Edmond Thibaudeau
Thibaudeau was a City Councillor from 1904 to 1909 and from 1913 to 1915. He successfully ran for Mayor in 1915 against incumbent Joseph-Auguste Frigon.
Under his tenure the first streets (Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth streets) were paved. Fabien LaRochelle, Shawinigan depuis 75 ans, 1976
Thibaudeau was defeated by Joseph-Auguste Frigon in 1917.
He died in 1957.
Lise Landry is a local politician in Shawinigan, Quebec. She has been mayor of the city since 1994.
Prior to her election, she was political assistant to Liberal MNA Yvon Lemire.
Landry successfully ran as Mayor of Shawinigan in 1994 and became the first woman to serve in that function.
She was re-elected in 1998 (without opposition), in 2001 (against Grand-Mère Mayor Linda Lafrenière) and in 2005. Lise Landry, Union des municipalités du Québec
Under her tenure, La Cité de l'Énergie, a theme park based on local industrial history with a 115 metre high observation tower, was established and, with her blessing, Shawinigan amalgamated with much of the MRC Le Centre-de-la-Mauricie.
In recent years, Landry has had difficult relations with many of the city councillors, who criticize her management style. Sept conseiller contestent la gestion de Lise Landry, Hugo Lemay, L'Hebdo du St-Maurice, November 8, 2006 Crise à l'hôtel de ville: Des virages mal négociés, Hugo Lemay, L'Hebdo du St-Maurice, November 11, 2006
Her son Yves has been the Member for the District des Terrasses on the Trois-Rivières City Council. District des Terrasses, Ville de Trois-Rivières
François Roy (1896–1970) was a local politician in Shawinigan, Quebec. He was the Mayor of Shawinigan, Quebec from 1946 to 1954.
He was born in 1896 in Rivière-des-Prairies near Montreal.
Roy successfully ran for Mayor in 1946 and was re-elected in 1948 and 1951.
The current Shawinigan City Hall (located in downtown Shawinigan at 550 Avenue de l’Hôtel-de-Ville) was constructed in 1948 under his tenure. The structure has an Art Deco architectural style and is similar to the Vancouver City Hall. Fabien LaRochelle, Shawinigan depuis 75 ans, 1976 Ville de Shawinigan
Roy also unveiled the Monument des Braves.
He ran again in 1963 but lost against Gérard Dufresne.
He died in Shawinigan in 1970.
Union des artistes President and Actor Raymond Legault performed the role of François Roy for one of La Cité de l'Énergie multimedia shows. Union des artistes
Laviolette is a provincial electoral riding in the province of Quebec, Canada. Located in the Mauricie region, it was created in 1931. It includes the entire La Tuque area as well as the municipalities of Hérouxville and Saint-Tite and some portions of the city of Shawinigan.
The riding was named after the founder of Trois-Rivières in 1634, Nicolas Goupil de Laviolette.
Gérard Dufresne was a well-known local politician and a military officer in Shawinigan, Quebec.
Born in East Angus, Quebec, Eastern Townships in 1918, he got a degree from the Shawinigan Technical Institute and would later make career as an insurance agent.
Dominique Grenier (born 1931) was a local politician in Shawinigan, Quebec. He was Mayor of Shawinigan, Quebec from 1970 to 1986.
He was born in Shawinigan in 1931.
Grenier was a City Councillor from 1969 to 1970. He successfully ran as Mayor of Shawinigan in 1970 against incumbent Maurice Bruneau and was re-elected in 1974, 1978 and 1982.
He did not run for re-election in 1986.
Grenier's mayorship was served under difficult circumstances. Many local businesses moved out of town or closed down.
Grenier ran again in 1994, but was overwhelmingly defeated by candidate Lise Landry.
In the late 1990s, he hosted local cable television shows. Résumé of Georges Massé, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
Roland Désaulniers has been a local businessman and politician in Shawinigan, Quebec. He was Mayor of Shawinigan, Quebec from 1986 to 1994.
He successfully ran as Mayor of Shawinigan in 1986 and was re-elected in 1990.
He did not run for re-election in 1994.
Désaulniers, who is a federalist, took the stump in local rallies in 1995 to oppose the Quebec sovereignty movement. He has often been mentioned by the media as a potential Liberal candidate to the provincial legislature but has never thrown his hat in the ring so far.
He has also been Chairman of the Board of Administrators for La Cité de l'énergie, a theme park based on local industrial history with a 115 metre high observation tower. Carsten Höller à Shawinigan: laissez-vous surprendre, Andrée-Anne Trudel, L'Hebdo Mékinac des Chenaux, June 1, 2007
Edmond Guibord was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly. Edmond Guibord, Assemblée nationale du Québec
Since its election to power on January 23, 2006, the Conservative Party of Canada led by Prime Minister Stephen Harper adopted several positions and policies in regards to the economic issues of Canada including various tax cuts, exemptions and credits as well as discussing the issue of fiscal imbalance among provinces and measures to cope with more troubled sectors of the Canadian economy.
Since 2006, the Canadian Conservative Party government led by Primer Minister Stephen Harper adopted several environmental policies in order to fight rising greenhouse emissions, pollution problems and climate change. One prominent policy of the government since its access to power was its position over the Kyoto Accord in which the federal government ratified the Protocol in the late 1990s. The Conservative government had criticized the Accord for having negative impacts on the environment while not providing concrete results as far as greenhouse emission reductions and proposed a new policy which met with criticism from various environmental organizations and the opposition parties.
The Québécois nation motion was a Parliamentary motion tabled by Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper on Wednesday, November 22, 2006 and approved by the House of Commons in the Parliament of Canada on Monday, November 27, 2006. The motion read
The division of Shawinigan was established in 1854, under the Union regime of 1841, after the seats of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada became elective. It roughly covered the Mauricie area in Quebec and was represented by one Legislative Councillor. Elections were held every six years starting in 1856, renewing a third of the Council every two years.
The first member for the division of Shawinigan was elected in 1862. His term was shortened by the constitutional change of 1867. History of the electoral map of Québec, Chief Electoral Officer of Québec.
The Mayor is the highest elected official in Shawinigan, Quebec, Canada. Since its incorporation in 1901, the city has had nineteen mayors.
Officially, elections to the Shawinigan Council are on a non-partisan basis. In recent history however, mayors of Shawinigan have been generally Liberal leaning. Gérard Dufresne, Dominique Grenier, Roland Désaulniers and Lise Landry were or have been card-carrying supporters of the Liberal Party of Quebec and the Liberal Party of Canada.
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The Canadian Afghan detainee abuse scandal is a series of claims regarding detainees captured in Afghanistan by the Canadian Forces and given into the custody of the Afghan National Army (ANA) or the Afghan National Directorate of Security (NDS).
These claims include the claim that the Canadian government has not negotiated sufficient oversight to prevent the abuse of the prisoners after being given into ANA or NDS custody, and the claim that such abuses have actually taken place.
Argenteuil is a provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. It was created in 1853.
List of judges of the courts of Upper Canada and roots of the current judiciary of Ontario:
La Pinière is a provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. The district is located in Brossard. The riding was created in 1988 from 69.71% (36,584 electors) of the La Prairie district.
:See related articles, History of Canada and Immigration to Canada
The history of immigration to Canada extends back thousands of years. Anthropologists continue to argue over various possible models of migration to modern day Canada, as well as their pre-contact populations. The Inuit are believed to have arrived entirely separately from other indigenous peoples around 1200. Indigenous peoples contributed significantly to the culture and economy of the early European colonies and as such have played an important role in fostering a unique Canadian cultural identity.
Statistics Canada has tabulated the effect of immigration on population growth in Canada from 1851 to 2001.Statistics Canada - immigration from 1851 to 2001 On average censeii are taken every 10 years, which is how Canadian censeii were first incremented between 1871 and 1901. Beginning in 1901, the Dominion Government changed its policy so that census-taking occurred every 5 years subsequently. This was to document the effects of the advertising campaign initiated by Clifford Sifton.
This article discusses Stephen Harper's premiership from when he assumed office on February 6, 2006 until present.
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Political parties operating in Upper Canada/Canada West (modern-day Ontario) before Canadian Confederation in 1867.
A list of policial division for Upper Canada between 1788 to 1792:
John Edward Brownlee (Port Ryerse, Lake Erie, Norfolk County, Ontario August 27, 1884 - July 15, 1961 Calgary) was a Canadian politician who was Premier of Alberta between 1925 and 1934.
Brownlee became the lawyer for the United Farmers of Alberta (UFA) in the early part of the 20th century. When the UFA entered electoral politics and unexpectedly won the 1921 provincial election, he was recruited to serve in the new government as Attorney-General. In 1925, due to dissatisfaction with the leadership of Premier Herbert Greenfield, Brownlee was recruited to become the new Premier and UFA leader. Brownlee led the party to victory in the 1926 and 1930 provincial elections.
Brownlee's government was successful in negotiating a degree of control of Alberta's natural resources from the federal government, an achievement that became historically significant when oil was discovered at Leduc in 1947.
The Brownlee government faced its most serious challenge during the Great Depression when the dust bowl impoverished the province's largely agrarian population. The government's policies of continued fiscal restraint in the face of widespread demands for relief led to the UFA's increasing unpopularity. Albertans began to look to the radical solutions offered by Social Credit and the socialist Co-operative Commonwealth Federation.
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